Brazilian police have entered a tract of the Amazon rainforest to evict farmers after a 30-year dispute with native groups.
The country's Supreme Court had given non-indigenous residents until the end of April to leave the vast reservation.
The decision to maintain the reservation as a single continuous territory was hailed as a major victory for indigenous rights.
However, the ruling was also a defeat for the non-indigenous rice-producers and farm workers who lived in and worked in the area.
Around 300 police and soldiers are now reported to have begun an operation in the early hours of Friday morning (local time) to remove anyone who had failed to follow the Supreme Court decision.
There were said to be around 30 non-indigenous families at the reservation as the deadline approached.
But the authorities say force will only be used if they meet with violent resistance.